Reduplication: Is when all or part of a word is repeated to convey some form of meaning.For example (pider for spider) or (top for stop). Cluster Reduction: This is when a consonant cluster, which is two or three consonants occurring in sequence in a word (sp in spot) or (st in stop), is reduced to a single consonant through deletion.Here is a list of the phonological processes that are normal for children to use: It is completely normal for children to use some phonological processes when they are first learning to produce speech. Some phonological processes are considered completely normal unless they continue to use them past the age when typically developing children stop using the phonological processes.įor example, if your 6 year old still uses the phonological process of “cluster reduction” (saying, “top” for “stop”) that would be considered delayed since most children stop using that process by the age of 5. Included is a brief description and an example. Here is a list of the atypical phonological processes that indicate a phonological processing disorder. Their brain does it simply to help them produce sounds that are difficult for them to produce. This is an example of the phonological process called fronting.Ĭhildren aren’t aware that they are doing these phonological processes. Therefore you may hear a child say /doh/ for the word “go” or /tat/ for the word “cat”. The /k/ sounds then become /t/ and the /g/ sounds then become the /d/ sound. These simplified speech rules are called phonological processes.įor example, the sound produced in the back on the mouth, such as /k/ and /g/ are more difficult than the sounds made in the front of the mouth, such as the /t/ and /d/ sounds. Learning all of the sounds can be overwhelming for children so they simplify complex words in predictable ways to make words easier to pronounce until they can articulate correctly.
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When a child first begins to learn the language and how to speak they often use phonological processes which are patterns of sound errors to simplify speech as they are learning how to talk. They may actually have a phonological disorder which is when a student has not learned the rules for how sounds fit together in order to make words and in turn uses certain processes to simplify words. Your student may have more than a simple articulation delay, such as struggling to produce the /r/ or /l/ sound. If you sign up or make a purchase through one of our partners’ links, we may receive compensation-at no extra cost to you.ĭo you have a student with multiple sound errors? Are you unsure of where to start because there are so many sound errors and you have a difficult time understanding their speech? If you said yes to any of the above your student may be experiencing a phonological processing disorder. To do this, we often partner with companies that share that mission. Speech Therapy Store is dedicated to making your speech therapy life easier one resource at a time.
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